Rewards and Employee Creative Performance

Question: Depict about the Rewards And Employee Creative Performance ? Answer: Presentation The examination is having inside and out conversation about the connection between singular execution and firms in general firms. Aside from this, as a business consultant the proposals and exhortation are given to the director of Steel Company. As referenced for the situation study, the steel organization is identified with assembling of various item. It is controlled by proprietor of the organization, which is proprietor of the organization is director. Then again, steel organization is little scope fabricating organization. As referenced for the situation study, the organization execution is poor in examination of contenders. The director of organization has freeze the compensation of representative, which has de-propelled them. The recommendations are made in setting to execution of workers just as steel organization. As expressed by Robbins et al. (2013), the exhibition of individual is subject to various components, that is, chiefs mentality, working environment condition and o thers. The investigation is likewise having conversation about the organizing of focus for individual and the job of administrator in organizing the objective. Guidance with respect to organizing of individual execution in progress of execution of firm As expressed by De (2013), the presentation of firm is reliant on execution of person. The director job in organizing the objective is played by chief. As referenced for the situation study, the proprietor is the administrator of organization and he is despotic kind of director. That is, he follows the order and control style of administration. As a business consultant, the exhibitions of workers are influenced by the style of initiative followed. The chief should attempt to follow value-based and transformational style of authority. With the assistance of this style, director can spur his workers without any problem. Then again, it will likewise assist administrators with motivating their representatives with the assistance of various prizes and impetuses. In setting to this Armstrong and Taylor (2014) remarked, every single worker ought to have legitimate information about their errand and duty. The group heads should attempt to allocate assignment to individuals according to their expertise and capacity. For instance, if specialized master worker is given creation task, the presentation will be low. Then again, he will be de-roused with respect to his work. As expressed by Brown et al. (2014), the general execution of steel organization is subject to their representative execution and disposition toward association. The organizing of individual objective aides in improving the steel association execution. What's more, administrator of firm ought to likewise attempt to keep up every day report of individual execution. It will assist chiefs with analyzing the presentation and hole between focuses of worker. Aside from this, the supervisor should attempt to structure the objective of worker taking into their compensation expertise. That is, the degree of pay is identified with their work. In setting to this Pollitt (2013) expressed, the director of steel firm should attempt to form worker target thinking about past execution of person. The distinction in singular execution can influence the presentation of firm by and large. Utilization of execution the executives framework in worker advancement and improvement in correspondence In setting to this Goetsch and Davis (2014) expressed, the exhibition the board frameworks help in improving the presentation of person. It additionally helps in improving the presentation of steel firms generally speaking. Then again, the exhibition the executives framework embraced by association ought to be legitimate and proper. Alongside this, administrators ought to likewise attempt to keep up legitimate record of worker execution. Notwithstanding this Brunnert et al. (2014) remarked, the exhibition the board framework incorporates the advancement of individual just as administrators execution status. The presentation of representative can be improved with the assistance of a few techniques. That is, on work preparing, off employment preparing, aptitudes advancement classes, tutoring and others. As expressed by Kehoe and Wright (2013), the presentation of individual is reliant on specialized strategy followed by association and different elements. Alongside this, the correspondence ought to consistently be appropriate among the representative and their directors. As referenced for the situation study, the divisional trough ahs separated distinctive group for improving the exhibition. The exhibition of individual in group can be improved by legitimate correspondence approach. As a business counselor the proposal with respect to correspondence is; the administrator of steel association should attempt to utilize start to finish just as base to top. It will help group prompts keep up appropriate coordination with their representatives. Then again, it will likewise help in improving the presentation of individual colleagues. Significance of consolidating the board of execution framework with human asset forms The presentation the board framework is subject to human asset procedures and arrangements of steel association. That is, with the assistance of legitimate execution of human asset framework administrator can propel their representative to perform better. As expressed by De (2013), the principle focal point of human asset of steel association is to keep up legitimate condition in working environment and furthermore to keep up the coordination among representatives. Then again, the human asset supervisor of steel association center around performs of representative. In setting to this Armstrong and Taylor (2014) remarked, execution of worker can be improved when target are notable by them. Then again, the human asset chiefs likewise attempt to inspire representatives by actualizing legitimate prize framework. That is, the prize ought to be according to the worker aptitude, capacity to perform, ability and different elements. As a business counselor the proposal with respect to human asset and execution the executives framework is; human asset supervisor should attempt to keep up appropriate approaches and rules and guideline. It will assist them with maintaining the working environment condition positive and persuasive. Then again, the positive and inspirational condition will help in improving the presentation of person. As remarked by Pollitt (2013), the objective organizing is likewise finished with the assistance of human asset strategies and methods. The principle focal point of steel association is deals and assembling of steel item. The methodologies received with respect to representative execution depends on administration style, reward framework and other comparative variables. Viability and need of connection among execution and monetary prizes Hambrick et al. (2015) remarked on the fundamental reality that the connection between execution of the representatives inside the association and the money related prizes is straightforwardly corresponding. The better the workers will be given the acceptable budgetary prizes, the better will be their exhibition and yield. In this association it is seen that the director had freeze the installment of the workers for as far back as three years that is one of the explanation of terrible showing of the representatives According to the viewpoint and assessment of Malik et al. (2015) the workers because of absence of fiscal advantages and installment are driving a poor and low nature of expectation for everyday comforts. This subsequently is legitimately affecting on the current execution of the workers. Significantly after the Directional Director is selected and some significant changes are gotten the association yet at the same time the exhibition is seen not up to the seat mark. In sp ite of the fact that the perspectives and view of the workers changed inside the association alongside the winning of rewards for seven months out of a year, despite everything significant change in execution isn't seen. As opined by Han et al. (2015) the significant changes in the exhibition will be seen of the workers are given a decent compensation scale and pay according to the representative principles. In addition the impetuses, rewards and remuneration benefits likewise should be available inside the association that helps the representatives in getting persuaded to the most extreme degree. Besides the authoritative culture just as transformational initiative additionally should be actualized inside the association. As per the viewpoint of Dee and Wyckoff (2015) this authority gives awards to amazing execution and discipline for awful execution. So this technique inspires the representatives widely and consequently they will in general work better for budgetary advantages and in this manner their exhibition level additionally improves broadly. An all around organized budgetary prize framework that comprise of a reasonable motivating force, remuneration and money related advantageous injury sho uld be extemporized with the association so as to pull in the representatives more to work better and all the more efficiently for better yield. Other than this from the viewpoint and assessment of Malik et al. (2015) the correspondence inside the association likewise should be improved widely with the goal that the representatives comprehend the work and the groups perform better for higher profitability. This in this manner helps in increment in execution of the representatives that straightforwardly influences their money related prize framework and in this way improves the expectation for everyday comforts of the workers. This is a propelling component that helps in improving the exhibition of the workers. End The task talks about the few execution markers of the objectives that helps in expanding the exhibition of the representatives. The administration abilities are changed from despotic style to both transformational and value-based styles. This aides on money related advantages of the representatives those performing great inside the association. Other than this the impetus structure additionally should be astounding in nature that helps in pulling in the representatives to work better. Also the correspondence inside the association should be from the two closures that will helps in seeing every others issue and techniques for accomplishing the work. References: Malik, M. A. R., Butt, A. N., and Choi, J. N. (2015). Prizes A

Night by Elie Weisel Study Guide Questions Essay Example

Night by Elie Weisel Study Guide Questions Paper Section 1: Describe Mosh the Beadle Mosh the Beadle was Elies otherworldly counsel. Section 1: Why did Eliezer ask and for what reason did he cry when he supplicated? Eliezer didnt know why he asked however he felt like something should have been cried about when he implored. Part 1: Upon his arrival, what story did Mosh tell? Mosh recounted to the account of how he viewed the German fighters execute Jews and use babies as shooting targets. Part 1: Why didnt the individuals trust Moshs story? They didnt trust Moshs story in light of the fact that Mosh the Beadle was at that point odd in their eyes and they felt that he was simply attempting to recieve feel sorry for. Part 1: Cite instances of how the Jewish residents of Sighet started to lose their privileges. The Jews of Sighet lost their homes, privileges of closet, and their freedom. Section 1: What is a ghetto? A modest community with loathsome day to day environments Section 1: Why did the residents oppose reality, in any event, when it was before them? The Jews needed to remain cheerful that something great may come. Section 1: Describe the conditions in the train (toward the finish of the part). The train was confined and unbound. Section 2: Where was the train when Elie answered Our eyes were open, however past the point of no return? Kaschau Section 2: What was forshadowed by Madame Schacters bad dream? The train being determined to fire. Section 2: What did a portion of the passangers do to calm Madame Schacter? The passangers hit her, choked her, and tied her up. Section 2: Where did the train at long last stop? Auschwitz Section 3: When addressed by the S.S. Official, for what reason did Elie lie about his age and occupation? He lied in light of the fact that the young men who were excessively youthful and the men who were too old would have been incinerated. Section 3: What was the appalling sight that Elie from the outset doubted? The kids in the heater. Section 3: Explain what Elie implied when he said Never will I overlook these flares which expended my confidence until the end of time? Elie implied that he didn't have anything left to appeal to God for or express gratitude toward God for. Section 3: How had Elie changed in a brief timeframe? He had overlooked his confidence Section 3: What was Elies early introduction of Auschwitz subsequent to leaving Birkenau? He abhorred it. Section 3: What was the mandatory custom at the passage to all camps? Running, a hot shower, new garments. Section 3: What kind of indenification was utilized on the detainees? Numbers Section 3: Why was the detainee accountable for Elies square expelled from this position? He was excessively sort of to the detainees. Section 3: What were the detainees proportions at every dinner? Bread and soup Part 3: What was Bela Katz compelled to do once he was picked for his quality? He had to incinerate his own dad. Part 4: What were the goals of the clinical assessments? To pick up cash and the solid children and grown-ups Part 4: How did Elie at first abstain from losing his gold crown? He claimed to be wiped out. Section 5: Why didnt Elie quick on Yom Kippur? His dad didnt need him to and he had lost his confidence at any rate. Section 6: What transpired who couldn't stay aware of the walk? They were shot or stomped on to death. Section 6: How did Zalman bite the dust? He was stomped on. Section 6: What frightful relization did Elie come to concerning Rabbi Elahou and his child? His child needed his dad to bite the dust. Section 6: What was Julieks last act? Playing Beethoven Section 6: How did Elie help his dad when the determination was made? He brought his dad into a shed and helped him nod off. Part 7: How did Elie again help his dad when they were on the train? The Germans were tossing the dead out the train and one German considerations Elies father was dead yet Elie reasured him he wasnt. Section 7: Describe the scene Elie saw between the dad and child. A dad had a portion of bread in his shirt and was going to impart it to his child however the child murdered his dad and ate the bread himself. Part 7: what number escaped the wagon? Where had they shown up? 100 individuals escaped the wagon. They went to Buchenwald. Part 8: Explain how the dad/child jobs had been turned around on account of Elie and his dad. Elie assumed the job as the dad while attempting to shield him from letting himself pass on exposed. Section 8: Why was Elies father being beaten? He was as a rule excessively noisy while calling Elie to get him water. Part 8: What did Elie think about the guidance given to him by the leader of the square? It was childish yet obvious. There was nothing left to accomplish for his dad. Section 9: What occurred on April fifth? A few detainees was discharged and never returned. Section 9: What was the obstruction development? What did they do? America battled with Germany and won the fight. Section 9: What did the detainees do when they were liberated? They simply needed food. No retribution. No lost ones. Hilda Elies most established sister who his mom needed to offer Bea Elies more established sister Tsipora Elies more youthful sister Moishe the Beadle destitute; removed for being a Foreign Jew; endures nearly being slaughtered; attempts to caution the individuals of Sighet, however they disregard him Juliek plays the violin; lives with Elie in the artists obstruct; the exact opposite thing he played was Beethoven as a melody of rebellion Bela Katz solid Jew who had to work at the crematorium; needed to put his own dad on the fire Yossi Tibbi Elies companions in the electrical manufacturing plant; siblings from Czechoslovakia French young lady Console Elie after he was whipped; he later discovered she was a Jew going as a non-Jew Schlomo Elies Dad Idek Watchman in the electrical industrial facility; who was gotten by Elie having relations with a Polish young lady, so he whipped Elie multiple times Franek Clean gatekeeper who chooses Elies father doesnt walk accurately, and singles out him. Elie consents to give him his gold crown to quit singling out his dad. Akiba Drumer Strict man who surrenders his confidence and afterward kicks the bucket Zalman had a stomach cramp while running in the clearing and is stomped on to death Stein of Antwerp Elies relative; wedded to Reizel; says he can make due as long as he probably is aware she is alive; he passes on after he discovers that she and their kids are dead Maria the Weisel familys previous house keeper who offers to shroud them in her town Rabbi Elihau he was too worn out to even think about running during the departure to Gleiwitz, so his child ran in front of him and left him behind

Toulmin Essay Topics - Find Out How They Can Help Your Writing

Toulmin Essay Topics - Find Out How They Can Help Your WritingToulmin essay topics can be a big help when you are writing an essay or a report. However, some students may find it difficult to choose the right essay topic.First of all, you should know that essay topics have two basic types: academic and recreational. For example, a school report could contain both academic and recreational topics, while an English essay may contain only one type of topic.Before you pick essay topics, you must first consider the type of paper you are writing. Some students like to write about their feelings and emotions. On the other hand, there are some students who like to use real facts in their essays.It is important to select the topic that matches your personality and your subject matter. You may write about your favorite sports teams, pets, and hobbies. Of course, you may also include interesting facts about your own experiences and opinions. This will make your essay a little more personal and interesting.Toulmin essay topics can be applied to many different subjects, but if you plan to write a report, you will have to choose a particular area. For example, if you write a science report, then it will be necessary for you to choose topics that relate to your subject. Another way of looking at it is to consider a tourist in Paris.If he or she wants to see Paris in its entirety, then they will not have any difficulty finding information about the different attractions and museums. However, the student who is planning to write an essay about the museum may be confused as to where to start. If you are writing an academic paper, then you can provide a rough idea about the topics that you would like to cover.After you have chosen a topic, it is important for you to research about it thoroughly. The information about the topic will give you a better idea about how the topic relates to the rest of your essay.The other tip that is important to remember when choosing Toulmin Essay T opics is to choose one topic per chapter. Doing this can help your essay flow well. This also allows your essay to be more effective, since you will not have too many topics to cover.

The Functions of Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2640 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? Functions of Law Table of Contents The Law Concept of Functions of Law Kinds of Law to Carry Different Functions Advantages of Law Functions of Law in different perspectives Contract law Functions of Contracts Indemnity Contract Indemnity Holder Guarantee Bailment Agency Bibliography Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Functions of Law" essay for you Create order The Law The law defines the principles people live in a society. Through which we have balance in not only our society but also in our lives. Law gives the indication of what is right by making that act legal and what is wrong by making it illegal. By committing illegal acts the specific individual will be subject to the negative consequences depending upon the nature of the illegal act committed and these consequences will also be subject to time. (Clark, 1942) Hence law determines the prescribed parameters within which the humans should lead their lives. These laws may vary from country to country, region to region, state to state and area to area. Maintaining law and order is mandatory is a society to be functional and to inculcate fear into the hearts of those who commit illegal acts and they would certainly think before taking any step of being caught and facing the consequences in a strongly law abiding society or else there would had been no stable economy. Above displayed pictur es resemble the people suffering from an outlawed society that they are being deprived of their rights of for example integrity, future, security, freedom, liberty and independence. The extreme left picture demonstrates the people of Philippines being outraged at the democracy their country that it is corrupt and depriving them of their rights hence as a result they are holding a Law is of interest to all persons, not just to lawyers. Those entering the world of business will find themselves subject to numerous laws and government regulations. A basic knowledge of these laws and regulations is beneficial if not essential to anyone contemplating a successful career in the business world of today. A universal and uniform definition is difficult. The evolution of society is a dynamic nature and hence the difficulty in accepting a definition by all. One reason in defining law is the different types of purpose sought to be achieved: HORSE to a zoologist, a traveller, polo player, for som e article of food etc. There have been and will continue to be different definitions of law: ARSTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) a pledge that citizens of a state will do justice to one anotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ PLATO (427-347 B.C.) believed that law was a form of social control. SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE (1723-1780) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"A rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state, commanding what is right, and prohibiting what is wrongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Generally and the most commonly accepted definition is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A rule of action to which men are obliged to make their conduct comfortableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Law is the command of the sovereign. It imposes a duty and is backed by a sanction. Command, duty and sanction are three elements of lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . All these statements can be considered as definitions of law but they vary and all are based on: law consists of enforceable rules governing relationships among individuals and between individuals and their society. Concept of Functions of Law The concept regarding the functions of law holds a major importance. The nature of law and the disciplines associated with law are explained by it and are interpreted and applied correctly and also pinpoint the interaction of law with social institutions and norms. This helps determine which general principles correspond to which law and should either deviate or conform, and to explain the law within the normative philosophy. There are different kinds of laws and each law has its own functions some of which may involve similar objectives but all having the primary goal of equity and fairness. The four functions of law involves preventing socially undesirable behavior and also securing desirable behavior which is performed in criminal torts and law; the provision f facilities for privately enabled arrangements between individual parties, which is found in private, tort and criminal law; the provision of services and also the redistribution of goods found in legal systems; and settli ng unregulated disputes found in tribunals and courts. It also handles the indirect and secondary of the law. Secondary functions of the law include determining of the processes for changing the regulation and the law for the operation of law-applying organs. The law serves the primary functions of keeping peace, enforcing and influencing the conduct standards, the facilitation of the systematic change, also the facilitation of planning and the comprehension of the sensible expectations, the promotion of social justice, the maintaining of status quo in some aspects of the society, and lastly, providing a mechanism for compensation solutions between polar principles and positions. Object of law is to maintain law and order in the country that is police functions. Anoter view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"limit natural libertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢; man is born free but is in chains everywhere.. The Hindu view, purpose of law is the welfare of the people in the world and also salvation after death. M uslim: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the end of law is to promote the welfare of man both individually and socially, not merely in respect of life on this earth but also life hereafter. Kinds of Law to Carry Different Functions Moral or Natural law deals with the universal rules of governance, principles of natural justice and also the divine law. Conventional law deals with the rules or regulations of voluntary organizations for example associations, clubs etc. The customary law deals with the customs, practices, traditions with historical sanction and support for example Jirga. Technical law is used in the matters of efficient conduct of business for example building laws, and laws of health. The imperative law is imposed upon men by some authority. Emphasis is put on the will and physical force of the organized political community in the imperative law. Then the laws of science and gravity are also determined. International law is the sum of laws and rules recognized by civilized in their dealings with each other. Then is finally the civil law which is the municipal law which is the domestic law of the state. Civil law has two branches. One is the common law, a branch which consists of non-criminal law. Then is the legal system or the Continental law, any of various codes or systems of the law which historically derive from Roman law. The Civil law (area) is a branch of Continental law which serves as the general part of the private law. Advantages of Law Law creates uniformity and certainty to the administration of justice. It avoids the dangers of arbitrary, biases and dishonest decisions. It establishes fixed principles to protect the administration of justice from the errors of individual judgment and laws are also more reliable than whims, wishes and desires. Laws are the only constitutional weapon to resolve disputes among individuals and parties. (Fletcher, 2000) Functions of Law in different perspectives The law is based on what is morally correct and ethical. In the historical perspective the law consists of social traditions and customs. In the Analytical perspective it is shaped by logic. In the sociological perspective it is provides a way to advance certain goals in the best interests of society. It is the set of rules created and enforced by the governing party. According to the Critical Legal Studies legal rules are unnecessary and legal disputes should be solved by using rules based on fairness. In the Economics perspective promoting the market efficiency should be the key concern of the law. (Lexiz, 2001) Contract law Keeping promises is important to a stable society. Contract law deals with, among other types of law, contract law reflects social values, interests, and expectations at a given point in time for example what kind of promises should be legally binding, what excuses are accepted for breaking promises, legally void or invalid. (Hall, 1960) Functions of Contracts No aspect of life is entirely free of contractual relationships. By this we mean for example the marriages, inheritance of assets, employment and the entire life around us is in one way or the other linked to some sort of contracts. Contract law is designed to provide stability for both buyers and sellers which means that neither the seller nor the buyer is able to take undue advantage at the expense of the other and there is proper legal proceeding in case if such a situation is created. Hence there should be equitable and fair trade between the parties or else the law will take care of it. Law is also followed in business agreements to avoid potential future problems for example in the case of giving out jobs the new recruit should be aware of the complete job description and what is be to expected to them and the employer should be aware of potential of the individual they are recruiting. Likewise in the case of carrying out business the business should be conducted by fair mean s and legally. There should be no theft, fraud or any sort of illegal activity involved in carrying out the business. (LaFave, 2000) Whether it is personal, corporate, or societal, laws are created to protect the interests of the common people. According to the textbook, Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment, 13th Edition, the most important functions of law include the following: The Peacekeeping Checking of the government power so that if reasonable expectations can realized Facilitation of expectations so that if reasonable expectations can be realized Economic growth promotion through the free competition Social justice promotion Environmental protection These functions of law protect the interests of individuals and businesses through a system of rules, enforced by governing bodies. These systems of laws include: Constitutional International Administrative Property Contract Tort Trust Criminal The roles and functions of law provide guidelines and rules for everything an individual can encounter, both professionally and socially. At the same time it also provides the individual with means with which to protect their own self or challenge the injustice. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world which is seemingly shrinking in size because of the continuously growing populations, without the existence of these regulations and rules the economy would experience a massive rise in the criminal actions as well as also increased atrocities. As the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"common sense makes good lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, dishonest people and the criminals do not certainly have common sense, and it is left to the governing bodies to defend not only the innocents from the criminals, but also to protect the criminal from themselves. (Boyce, 1982) Indemnity Contract Contracts also serve the function of indemnity which is an undertaking to make good monetary or other loss or damage. By which one party promises to save the other from loss caused to him by the conduct of the promisor himself, or by the conduct of any other person for example (John) contracts to indemnify (Ben) against the consequences of any proceeding which (Alison) may take against (Ben) in respect of a certain amount. (Reference.com, 2007) The person in this case (John) who gives the indemnity is called the indemnifier and the person (Ben) for whose protection it is given is called the indemnity-holder or indemnified. Scope of indemnity is restricted to those cases where there is a promise to indemnify against loss, caused by the (John) promisor himself or (Ben) by any other person. This excludes loss from accidents like fire etc. Promise of indemnity may be expressed or implied. (Gross, 1979) Indemnity Holder The person to whom the indemnity is given that is the promise acting within the scope of his authority. His rights: include entitled to claim all damages which he may have been compelled to pay. Also recover all cost reasonably covered in resisting, reducing, or ascertaining the claim. Moreover the rights also include the right to compromise a claim on best term he can and then bring an action on the contract of indemnity. (Roles And Functions Of Law In Business And Society, 2014) Guarantee Guarantee is a promise to be answerable for the debt, default or miscarriage of another. Contract of Guarantee: to perform the promise, or discharge the liability of a third person in case of his default. When a third person promises to pay debt owed by another in the event the debtor does not pay a guarantee relationship is created. Surety: Person who gives the guarantee. Principal Debtor: Person in respect of whose default the guarantee is given. Creditor: Person to whom the guarantee is given. For example John takes a loan from Ben when Alison guaranteed repayment of the loan. John is the principal debtor, Ben the creditor and Alison the surety. The function of a contract of guarantee is to enable a person to get a loan, or goods on credit or an employment. Mutual assents are an essential element of a contract of guarantee. It is not a unilateral contract. There must be an offer and acceptance. Bailment Another function of Contract is to act as Bailment. Bailment from bailer (French) meaning to deliver. Signifying a contract resulting from delivery. Bailment implies a sort of relationship in which the personal property of one person temporarily goes into the possession of another, The ownership of the articles or goods is in one person and the possession in another for example leaving a car for repair, cloth to a batailor, parcel to TCS, goods in a cold store. The delivery of goods by one person the bailor to another the bailee for some purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when purpose is accomplished, be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the direction of the person delivering it. It is formed by the delivery of personal property, without transfer of title by the bailor to the bailee usually under an agreement. Obligations and duties arise from the bailment relationship. (Mallor, 2004) Agency Since it is possible not possible for every person to do everything by itself, he allows the person to be represented in the performance of personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legal acts by another and gives acts done by such representative the same effect as they would have done it by self. One of the most common, important and pervasive legal relationship is that of the agency; relationship between agent who agrees to represent or act for the other principal. The principal has the right to control the agentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conduct in matters entrusted to the agent, and the agent must exercise its powers for the benefit of the principal only. The principal, by using agents, can conduct multiple business operations simultaneously in various locations for example corporate officer. (Bushman, 2007) Bibliography Roles And Functions Of Law In Business And Society. (2014). Retrieved from 123HelpMe.com: https://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=167183 Boyce, R. M. (1982). Criminal Law. A sophisticated analysis of the purpose, definition, and classification of criminal la and development of the common law, 1-46. Bushman, M. (2007). The Role and Functions of Law in Business and Society. Retrieved from https://www.associatedcontent.com/article/139783/the_role_and_functions_of_law_in_business.html Clark, C. E. (1942). Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository, 14. Fletcher, G. (2000). Rethinking Criminal Law. A challenging discussion of the history and philosophy of criminal law. Gross, H. (1979). A theory of criminal law. A highly sophisticated discussion of the philosophical basis of criminal law. Hall, J. (1960). A detailed discussion of the theory of criminal law and the basic elements of a crime. General Principles of Criminal Law, 1-359. LaFave, W. (2000). Criminal Law. A comprehensive purpose, classification, and common law foundation of criminal law, 1-198. Lexiz. (2001). A good introduction to the nature of criminal law and to the common law and statutes. Understanding Criminal Law, 1-32. Mallor, J. B. (2004). Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment, 13th Edition. University of Phoenix Resource. . Reference.com. (2007). Retrieved from https://www.reference.com/search?q=law

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U.s. Environmental Policy Critique - 1800 Words

U.S. Environmental Policy Critique The inception of U.S. Environmental policy most notably began under the Presidency of Richard Nixon; Nixon oversaw the passage of the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Clean Water Act of 1972, in particular, enacted stringent laws to prevent pollutants from entering navigable waters, outlawing open sewers from dumping crud into a local stream and the law also protects land that filters and purifies water as it flows by. The Landmark law passed in 1972, however, has not impeded the pending water crisis facing the U.S. today. The United States must take immediate measures in order to combat the problem; given that the U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence now ranks water scarcity as a top threat to national security; right next to Terrorism (Sullivan). The United States should reform the Clean Water Act of 1972 to look for any deficiencies in the law. The situation stretches as far as California in which historic drought conditions have led to water rationing and lower crop yields. Polluters to this day are failing to live up to the terms of their permits. A 1982 General Accounting Office (GAO) report revealed that after examining more than five hundred facilities 82 percent of these dischargers had violated their permits at least once during a two-year period (Salzman). Additionally, 11 percent of these facilities released toxic pollutantsShow MoreRelatedWhat Do John Maynard Keynes, Richard Norgaard, And Fred Block And Margaret Somers Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pageslarge-scale human suffering and made a strong recommendation for government intervention. 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Minorities and Policing Essay Example For Students

Minorities and Policing Essay Minorities and Policing1Minorities and Policing:Unfairly TreatedDorothy J. FellsCriminal Justice 131C. ThompsonDecember 6, 2001Minorities and Policing2Minorities and Policing:Unfairly TreatedIf we look at the past, we can see that there is no warm tradition of community cooperation between the African-American community and law enforcement. Minorities and Policing is an important topic because it deals with issues pertaining to how minorities are treated by the police. Racial profiling and social injustice are important areas when dealing with unfair treatment of minorities. 1.How minorities feel about police2.Employing minorities3.Unfair treatment of minorities within the legal systemThis review of the information on minorities and policing focuses on these three issues. How Minorities Feel About Police According to Dr. Carl S. Taylor, the relationship between minority groups and police in the United States has historically been strained. Some cities have a deep and bitter history of bias and prejudice interwoven in their past relationships. The feeling in many communities today is that the system pits law enforcement as an occupying army versus the neighborhood. Dr. Taylor wrote about easing tensions between police and minorities, but stated If there is any good news in the current situation, it is that the history of this strain has found the 1990s ripe for change. There is considerable evidence that minorities and police are not in agreement on many issues, and the blame is being shifted from all parties involved. The police feel that they are fair in their treatment of minorities, but the evidence in many instance prove otherwise. When we view articles on the arrests of minorities versus whites, you will notice a variation in how various nationalities are treated. When reading the newspaper, you will see the photograph of a minority with previous criminal history and other issues outlined. This to me is done to paint a picture that shows the accused is already known for violating the law. Employing MinoritiesRacial polarization in our major cities has often cast the police as the oppressors, and some cities have an unfortunate tradition of hiring outsiders and few minorities, which has fueled further resentment toward the police. Historically, relationships between minorities and police have not been the best, and many minorities view police as the oppressor.

Revitalization Movement an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Revitalization Movement As a being in this world, a person could have the advantageous and disadvantageous ability of being able to create a certain change. We have the power to influence change however big or small it may be. It would be advantageous since we could create a change for the best and it is disadvantageous since we could also influence change for the worst. Need essay sample on "Revitalization Movement" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: Idon't want to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friends Essay writers suggest: Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ Online Essay Writing Company Essays Online For College Cheap Writing Service Reviews Cheap Essays Not Plagiarized A similar concept with what was said above is the concept of revitalization movement. This is usually the religious movement that could create a certain change in society (Smith). It was believed that the religion could pave the way into generating a certain change in the social sphere and in this aspect it could be seen that this could become a certain political movement. A good example of this movement is the Ghost Dance. This is a ritual among the Indians during the "white" colonization. It was said that this ritual signifies that sometime in the near future, the colonizer will no longer rule the land but they would become part of the land and the land proper ones more (Liggett). This has become a religion and plenty of the people converted to this religion. Their ceremony had ended up in a massacre were numerous Indians died. The uproar that the religion and ceremony had created a change in society since it was a way to get the colonizer to listen. Another example is the Cargo Cults where this religion focuses on the belief that a certain cargo, just like during World War II, from the supernatural would arrive for those who believe (Glines). The idea here then is that certain changes happen in society by using religious mean. The Ghost Dance Religion had at some point created an unknowingly tumult against the colonist by claiming the religion. The Cargo Cult, on the other hand, had also generated a societal change especially when it comes to war. Revitalization Movement could still extend to a more political pursuit just like the Black Nationalist but this would have to be a pure political movement. What is essential in this concept is its religious aspect. WORKS CITED Glines, C.V. "The Cargo Cults." Journal of the Air Force Association 74.1 (1991). Liggett, Lori. "The Wounded Knee Massacre". 1998. 1890s America: A Chronology. August 14 2007. Smith, Court. "Definitions of Anthropological Terms". Anthropological Resources. (June 23, 2007).

scopes essay essays

scopes essay essays In the book Summer for the Gods by Edward J. Larson, the ideas of evolution and if it should be taught in the schools are at question. The book talks about the so-called Monkey Trial that took place in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925. The whole debate of whether evolution should be taught in schools was in question and school -teacher John Scopes was on trial for teaching his students about evolution. The Scopes Trial was extremely controversial for its time. The whole theory of evolution was just coming into play and many schools had it as a topic of discussion for their science classes. Evolution in general was still not set in stone but many scientists did support the theory and thought it was safe to teach in public school. John Scopes was one such teacher, he thought he would go along with what many had begun to do. It was a very simple topic to many but extremely sensitive to those who were very religious. Evolution went against the notion that god created man. So this is why the trial turned into such a national topic cause the outcome would change the face of how evolution was taught for many years to come. The trial had many key people and players. One such group that took a major stance for the defense was the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). It was one of the first test cases that the ACLU took part in. The ACLU was known for helping people whose civil rights were in jeopardy. They had Clarence Darrow come down to Tennessee to defend John Scopes. The American Civil Liberties goal during that summer was to make sure and fight for the separation of church and state. Religion should not be a factor when it comes to school issues. Religion was a very separate issue and the defense was going to show that. They also argued that freedom of speech was being violated, Scopes had the right to say as he pleased and by put ...

African American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

African American Culture - Essay Example (US Census 2003-7).This has been stated to be a continuous climb in educational attainment for African-Americans in recent decades: Almost two decades ago this figure was only 63 percent for this age group and in 1980 it was 51 percent. (US Census 2003-7)..The current figures also show that 14% of the Afro-Americans e 25 and over, have a bachelor's degree or higher. (US Census 2003-7). That proportion has risen since the 1990 census, when 11 percent of African-Americans age 25 and over had a bachelor's degree or higher. (US Census 2003-7).And the current percentage has almost doubled since the 1980 census, when the figure was 8 percent. The age group of 25 and over, with in African Americans having a graduate or professional degree is 5 percent and it was 4% in 1990. (US Census 2003-7).The estimated work life earnings of the modern educated African are $2.5 million which are the estimated work-life earnings for full-time African-American workers with an advanced degree. (US Census 20 03-7)... (US Census 2003-7). Thus it can be gleaned that the Educational standards have been improving in African American population.(Jackson 2008)It shows that the modern African American population has started to take more interest in education and more and more African Americans are graduating from the different universities through out America, and the percentage increase in African American literacy has gone up as well.(Jackson 2008) For African-Americans, more education means higher career earnings: those without a high school diploma would earn less than $1 million during their work life, increasing to $1.0 million for workers with a high school education and $1.7 million for those with a bachelor's degree. (US Census 2003-7) Historically this minority was largely suppressed in terms of education and learning opportunities.Racist attitudes locked the doors of opportunities for these enslaved people and even after they gained freedom the minority ignored education as a tool for survival. (Jackson 2008)They lacked the right of suffrage until the advent of the democratic trend of Civil rights and liberties and initiatives like the American Creed during the early 1940's by Gunnar Myrdal.It was indeed Myrdal who wrote in his book famously (quoted in Jackson 2008) The ideals of the essential dignity of the individual human being, of fundamental equality of all men, and of certain inalienable rights to freedom, justice, and a fair opportunity represent to the American people the essential meaning of the nation's early struggle for independence. . . . These tenets were written into the Declaration of Independence, the Preamble of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and into the

Personal experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Personal experience - Essay Example For instance, the fear of public speaking can be handled through practice. This means that if one has a fear of public speaking this problem can be encountered through practicing talking in front of the friends as they listen. After getting used to talk in front of the friend then one can look for a larger congregation like a class of fifty students and address to and through the practice the fear of public speaking may be solved. From the book, the lessons learned about the ambiguity aversion are that it comes from fear of the unknown. This is when someone feels it difficult to express his or her ideas in front of unknown congregation. This fear may be even deeply entrenched than the fear of public speaking. According to Berns 60, it is evident that the ambiguity aversion does not only happen to the human beings but also the other animals have this phenomenon and also experience the same. This fear can also be inhibited because the human beings posses a larger prefrontal cortex than the animals. One of the solutions to ambiguity aversion is to convert it into a risk. The use of Bayesian Updating may be used. Bayesian Updating is a process is a statistical process of using new process to update probability estimates (Bern70). Reappraisal can be commonly applied to view ambiguity as a very big opportunity to get and attain knowledge. If ambiguity is used over several times and repeatedly then it can be quickly changed into a risk. In the community, there has been a big issue on the pollution and many raised campaigns on how to dispose of unwanted material (Wheatley and Frieze 30). Due to this issue of pollution an idea can be got form it and be used in the play to come up with more useful items from the waste material. Via this problem of pollution on the land whereby the land is getting acidified by the chemicals disposed by the community and the industries after why a grant idea can be invented on

Lyme, the Silent Killer Essay Example for Free

Lyme, the Silent Killer Essay Lyme disease is disease transmitted by the deer tick also known as the black legged tick. It is caused by an infection called Borrelia Burgdorferi which is a type of bacterium called a spirochete. The deer tick can transmit the spirochetes to humans and other animals causing them to become infected with Lyme disease. Lyme disease first begins as a multi system inflammatory disease which first attacks the skin in the localized stage, then spreads to the joints the nervous system and other organ systems. If the Lyme disease is diagnosed early it can be treated with antibiotics, but it does depend on the progression of the diseases among the patient. Often the tick must be attached to your body for 24 36 hours to spread the bacteria to your blood. The spirochete is injected from the victims skin into the bloodstream establishing itself in various body tissues. After an incubation period of 3 to 32 days, the organism migrates outward in the skin, is spread through the lymphatic system or is disseminated by the blood to different body organs or other skin sites. Lyme disease was first described in 1909 in European medical journals. The first outbreak in the United States occurred in the early 1970s in Old Lyme, Connecticut. An unusually high incidence of juvenile arthritis in the area led scientists to investigate and identify the disorder. In 1981, Dr. Willy Burgdorfer identified the bacterial spirochete organism (Borrelia Burgdorferi) which causes this disorder. Lyme disease is known to be the number one arthropod disease is the United States occurring in 48 of the 50 states and up to 12,000 cases of Lyme disease diagnosed annually. Lyme disease is has three stages which are early localized disease with skin inflammation, early disseminated disease with heart and nervous system involvement, including palsies and meningitis, and the last stage of the disease called later disseminated which causes motor and sensory nerve damage and brain inflammation as well arthritis. The first stage is called Localized Lyme disease and in this early phase of the illness, within days to weeks of the tick bite, the skin around the bite develops an expanding ring of unraised redness. There may be an outer ring of brighter redness and a central area of clearing, leading to a bulls-eye appearance, the rash also has a warm to touch feeling .The first rash seen on the patient is called erythema migrans. The redness of the skin is often accompanied by flu-like symptoms which may include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes and headache. Sometimes these more serious symptoms develop without the person ever having had a rash. The redness resolves, without treatment, in about a month. Weeks to months after the initial redness of the skin, the bacteria spread throughout the body and can begin affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system. The later phases of Lyme disease can affect the heart, and cause inflammation of the heart muscle. This can result in abnormal heart rhythms and heart failure. The nervous system can develop facial muscle paralysis also known as Bells palsy, abnormal sensation due to disease of peripheral nerves which is also known as peripheral neuropathy, meningitis, and confusion. Arthritis, or inflammation in the joints, begins with swelling, stiffness, and pain. Usually, only one or a few joints become affected, most commonly the knees. The arthritis of Lyme disease can look like many other types of inflammatory arthritis and can become chronic. Lyme disease occurs in wooded areas with populations of mice and deer which carry ticks, and can be contracted during any season of the year. The medication used for adults with Lyme disease the antibiotic tetracycline is the drug of choice. Penicillin V and erythromycin have also been used in children. Penicillin V is now recommended for neurological abnormalities. It is not yet clear whether antibiotic treatment is helpful later in the illness when arthritis is the most predominant symptom. Treatment should be started as soon as the rash appears. A clear diagnosis of Lyme disease can be tricky, and often relies on information the patient and through process of elimination the Doctor will be able to out rule other conditions. Lyme disease and its symptoms often mimic many other diseases which target multi body systems such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis. Doctors will perform a specific blood test called Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) which can detect antibodies present of Lyme disease. Results of this test may be inaccurate if patients have had antibiotics soon after contracting Lyme disease, or in those who have weakened immune systems. SOURCES 1.American Lyme disease foundation. (2006, April). Retrieved from http://www.aldf.com/lyme.shtml 2.American College of Physicians. (2012). Lyme disease- A patients guide. Retrieved from

History of Indonesia :: essays research papers

Early empires By the time of the European Renaissance, the islands of Java and Sumatra had already enjoyed a thousand-year heritage of civilization spanning two major empires. During the 7th to 14th centuries, the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya flourished on Sumatra. Chinese traveller I Ching visited its capital, Palembang, around 670. At its peak, the Srivijaya Empire reached as far as West Java and the Malay Peninsula. Also by the 14th century, the Hindu Kingdom of Majapahit had risen in eastern Java. Gajah Mada, the empire's chief minister from 1331 to 1364, succeeded in gaining allegiance from most of what is now modern Indonesia and much of the Malay archipelago as well. Legacies from Gajah Mada's time include a codification of law and an epic poem. Reasons for the fall of these empires remain obscure. Islam arrived in Indonesia sometime during the 12th century and, through assimilation, supplanted Hinduism by the end of the 16th century in Java and Sumatra. Bali, however, remains overwhelmingly Hindu. In the eastern archipelago, both Christian and Islamic missionaries were active in the 16th and 17th centuries, and, currently, there are large communities of both religions on these islands. Colonial era Beginning in 1602 the Dutch gradually established themselves as rulers of what is now Indonesia, exploiting the fractionalization of the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The most notable exception was Portuguese Timor, which remained under Portuguese rule until 1975 when it was invaded and occupied, becoming the Indonesia province of East Timor. The Netherlands controlled Indonesia for almost 350 years, excluding a short period of British rule in part of the islands after Anglo-Dutch Java War and the Japanese occupation during World War II. During their rule the Dutch developed the Dutch East Indies into one of the world's richest colonial possessions. During the first decade of the 20th century an Indonesian independence movement began, and it expanded rapidly between the two World Wars. Its leaders came from a small group of young professionals and students, some of whom had been educated in the Netherlands. Many, including Indonesia's first president, Sukarno (1945-67), were imprisoned for political activities. World War II In May 1940 the Netherlands surrendered to Germany (see World War II). The Dutch East Indies declared a state of siege and in July re-directed exports for Japan to the US and Britain. Negotiations with the Japanese aimed at securing supplies of aviation fuel collapsed in June 1941, and the Japanese started their conquest of Southeast Asia in December of that year.

Advantages of Internet for Students

Advantages Of Internet For Students Nevertheless, students and teachers have experienced following 10 advantages of Internet. 1. Assortment of Information Lots of information of different kinds is kept on the web server on the Net. This means that millions web sites include various data in the shape of images and text. On every subject of the planet information can be easily collected by you. For this function, special sites, called search engines can be found on the Internet to search data of each and every subject of the planet. . Online Medical Guidance Several web sites will also be on the Web to obtain details about various conditions. You are able to consult with a cell of on-line physicians to obtain guidance about any medical problem. In addition, lots of material can also be on the Web for research in medical industry. 3. Looking for Jobs You are able to search various kinds of jobs throughout their vacant vacancies are advertised by the world, Most of the organizations/depa rtments around the world, on the web.The search engines will also be employed to search the jobs on the web. You are able to make an application for the necessary work through the Web. 4. Communication You are able to keep in touch with other through Internet all over the world. You could speak by seeing to 1 another; only you’re speaking with your pals in your drawing room. For this function, various services are supplied on the Internet such as; speaking, video conferencing, Email and Internet telephone an such like. 5. InformationThe Web enables students to see the most recent news on a particular topic they’re learning. If they’re learning American politics they may do an information search and discover what is happening on the planet of politics at that very time. It will help them link what they’re understanding how to real life. Additionally, it may keep them thinking about a topic. 6. Online Training The facility is provided by the internet to obt ain an online training. Several web sites of different colleges offer lessons and classes on different subjects or subjects.You may also obtain these classes or lessons in your personal computer. You are able to hear these classes repeatedly and obtain a large amount of understanding. It’s very simple and cheap method to get training. 7. Encyclopedia Occasionally, encyclopedia mightn’t constantly be accessible to individuals and so they might have trouble with in getting the use of the actual guides within the selection. If that’s the case, the encyclopedia of various topics on the Web could be useful. 8. Online Railway and Airplane SchedulesToday, railway and several Airline businesses offer their timing of trains and routes respectively on the web. 9. Online Results Today, all of the training boards and colleges present result on the web. Their results can be watched by the students from any kind of nation or world. 10. Advertisement Today, products are advert ised by most of the commercial organizations through Internet. It’s effective and inexpensive method for the marketing of goods. The services and products could be given lovely and attractive method to the people round the world.

Bond Dissociation Energy Definition

Bond dissociation energy is defines as the amount of energy which is required to homolytically fracture a chemical bond. A homolytic fracture usually produces radical species. Shorthand notation for this energy is BDE,  D0, or  DH °. Bond dissociation energy is often used as a measure of the strength of a chemical bond and to compare different bonds. Note the enthalpy change is temperature dependent. Typical units of bond dissociation energy are kJ/mol or kcal/mol. Bond dissociation energy may be measured experimentally using spectrometry, calorimetry, and electrochemical methods. Key Takeaways: Bond Dissociation Energy Bond dissociation energy is the energy required to break a chemical bond.It is one means of quantifying the strength of a chemical bond.Bond dissociation energy equals bond energy only for diatomic molecules.The strongest bond dissociation energy is for the Si-F bond. The weakest energy is for a covalent bond and is comparable to the strength of intermolecular forces. Bond Dissociation Energy Versus Bond Energy Bond dissociation energy is only equal to bond energy for diatomic molecules. This is because the bond dissociation energy is the energy of a single chemical bond, while bond energy is the average value for all the bond dissociation energies of all bonds of a certain type within a molecule. For example, consider removing successive hydrogen atoms from a methane molecule. The first bond dissociation energy is 105 kcal/mol, second is 110 kcal/mol, third is 101 kcal/mol, and final is 81 kcal/mol. So, the bond energy is the average of the bond dissociation energies, or 99 kcal/mol. In fact, the bond energy doesnt equal the bond dissociation energy for any of the C-H bonds in the methane molecule! The Strongest and Weakest Chemical Bonds From bond dissociation energy, its possible to determine which chemical bonds are strongest and which are weakest. The strongest chemical bond is the Si-F bond. The bond dissociation energy for F3Si-F is 166 kcal/mol, while the bond dissociation energy for H3Si-F is 152 kcal/mol. Th reason the Si-F bond is believed to be so strong is because there is a significant electronegativity difference between the two atoms. The carbon-carbon bond in acetylene also has a high bond dissociation energy of 160 kcal/mol. The strongest bond in a neutral compound is 257 kcal/mol in carbon monoxide. There is no particular weakest bond dissociation energy because weak covalent bonds actually have energy comparable to that of intermolecular forces. Generally speaking, the weakest chemical bonds are those between noble gases and transition metal fragments. The smallest measured bond dissociation energy is between atoms in the helium dimer, He2. The dimer is held together by the van der Waals force and has a bond dissociation energy of 0.021 kcal/mol. Bond Dissociation Energy Versus Bond Dissociation Enthalpy Sometimes the terms bond dissociation energy and bond dissociation enthalpy are used interchangeably. However, the two are not necessarily the same. The bond dissociation energy is the enthalpy change at 0 K. The bond dissociation enthalpy, sometimes simply called bond enthalpy, is the enthalpy change at 298 K. Bond dissociation energy is favored for theoretical work, models, and computations. Bond enthalpy is used for thermochemistry. Note that most of the time the values at the two temperatures are not significantly different. So, even though enthalpy does depend on temperatures, ignoring the effect doesnt usually have a big impact on calculations. Homolytic and Heterolytic Dissociation The definition of bond dissociation energy is for homolytically broken bonds. This refers to a symmetrical break in a chemical bond. However, bonds can break asymmetrically or heterolytically. In the gas phase, the energy released for a heterolytic break is larger than for homolysis. If a solvent is present, the energy value drops dramatically. Sources Blanksby, S.J.; Ellison, G.B. (April 2003). Bond dissociation energies of organic molecules. Accounts of Chemical Research. 36 (4): 255–63. doi:10.1021/ar020230dIUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (1997).Gillespie, Ronald J. (July 1998). Covalent and Ionic Molecules: Why Are BeF2 and AlF3 High Melting Point Solids whereas BF3 and SiF4 Are Gases?. Journal of Chemical Education. 75 (7): 923. doi:10.1021/ed075p923Kalescky, Robert; Kraka, Elfi; Cremer, Dieter (2013). Identification of the Strongest Bonds in Chemistry. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (36): 8981–8995. doi:10.1021/jp406200wLuo, Y.R. (2007). Comprehensive handbook of chemical bond energies. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-7366-4.